China News Service, Beijing, March 12th (Liu Huan) In recent years, a variety of new occupations have emerged.

Accompanying doctors, doll restorers, pet health nurses... The vigorous development of the digital economy has not only profoundly changed people's working conditions and working methods, but also spawned some new forms of employment.

　　Working hours and locations are flexible, and job content is diverse. While new occupations are attracting many people, the labor rights and industry norms of practitioners are also concerned.

During the two sessions of the National People's Congress in 2023, how to provide more adequate protection for workers in new forms of employment has become one of the hot topics in society.

Data map: On March 1, the first offline job fair of the 2023 Beijing Graduate Employment Service Month was held at Beijing Information Science and Technology University.

(Irrelevant to the picture and text) Photo by China News Agency reporter Yi Haifei

New employment forms, where is the "new"?

　　Compared with traditional production methods, the new employment form has flexible working hours and locations, and a higher degree of freedom. A series of services are mostly carried out through the Internet.

Practitioners can realize remote real-time communication with customers, companies, etc. online, breaking the time and space constraints of traditional production methods.

　　At the same time, with the improvement of society's consumption demand and quality of life, the work content of new occupations is also diversified.

　　For example, people's livelihood needs in the fields of elderly care, vocational education, and ice and snow sports have spawned new occupations, and promoted the emergence of occupations such as medical attendants, course planners, career planners, and beauty instructors.

The maturing pet industry chain has given birth to professions such as pet dieters, pet bakers, and pet health care practitioners.

　　In addition, while the niche hobbies of the younger generation, such as trendy toys, have gradually developed into mass industries, professions such as trendy game designers, doll restorers, and graffiti artists have become active on Internet platforms.

　　According to statistics, from 2012 to 2021, the scale of my country's digital economy has increased from 11 trillion yuan to 45.5 trillion yuan, and the proportion of digital economy in GDP has increased from 21.6% to 39.8%. There are about 84 million formal laborers, and more than 200 million flexible employees.

　　In this regard, Xiang Jing, an associate researcher at the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said to Zhongxin.com that with the development of the social economy and the update and iteration of new technologies, the emergence of a large number of new occupations is an inevitable trend in the development of the labor market.

At the same time, the public's increasing demand for personalized services also provides opportunities for the development of new occupations.

　　"Compared with traditional occupations, practitioners in the new employment form are more social and interactive in their work. What they value is personal interest and employment satisfaction, and the services and products they provide are also more personalized." Xiang Jing explain.

Data map: On February 25, 2023, a super-large-scale offline job fair was held in Shanghai, with a total of 17,800 people attending.

(Irrelevant to the picture and text) Photo by Kang Yuzhan

Labor relations, industry access and other issues need to be resolved urgently

　　During the two sessions of the country in 2023, Cao Peng, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of JD Cloud Business Unit, said that the current new employment form group employment relationship is not yet clearly defined, which has caused a series of problems such as labor disputes and untimely social security payments.

　　Gao Jiana, a lawyer from Beijing Fazheng Anbang Law Firm, told Chinanews.com that due to the flexibility and mobility of their work, most of the new employment forms signed labor contracts with employers and institutions, and there are difficulties in defining labor relations. .

　　She explained that the two parties in the labor relationship are the "employer" and the "laborer".

The determination of labor relations needs to meet three conditions:

　　First, the employer and the laborer meet the subject qualifications stipulated by laws and regulations.

　　Second, the rules and regulations formulated by the employer are applicable to the workers, and the workers accept the labor management of the employer.

　　Third, the labor provided by the laborer is part of the business of the employer.

　　As for the ruling on the specific labor relationship, it is also necessary to comprehensively consider whether the two parties have the intention to establish a labor relationship with reference to social insurance, wages, written contracts and other circumstances.

　　Gao Jiana said that for the new employment form groups, there are currently more disputes over work-related injury compensation.

Because the source of income of this group is unstable, it is difficult for them to obtain remuneration through labor in a short period of time after work-related injuries caused by accidents.

　　In addition, the entry rules for new occupations need to be clarified.

Xiang Jing pointed out that traditional vocational technical certification, especially high-end professional technical certification, is often highly related to academic background.

With the development of Internet technology, it is easier to acquire knowledge and the scope of knowledge is wider, which to a certain extent weakens the correlation between vocational technical certification and academic background.

　　"The technical identification of new occupations needs to meet professional knowledge, and at the same time, because of the personalized improvement of services, it is necessary to increase consumer evaluation. Under such circumstances, the identification of new occupations needs to have both technical skills standards and protection of consumer rights." Xiang Jing said.

Data map: On February 25, 2023, a super-large-scale offline job fair was held in Shanghai, with a total of 17,800 people attending.

(Irrelevant to the picture and text) Photo by Kang Yuzhan

Official: Support the construction of the odd job market and implement the policy to protect the rights and interests of workers in the new employment form

　　Jin Weigang, vice president of the Chinese Society of Social Security and vice president of the National Institute of Institutions of Zhejiang University, pointed out that the current relevant systems and policies are not yet suitable for the rapid development of new employment forms, and the social security rights and interests of employees in new employment forms also need to be paid attention to.

　　"On the one hand, there is no traditional labor relationship established between practitioners of new employment forms and related platforms. Platform companies believe that they are not employees of the company and do not need to bear the responsibility and obligation to participate in insurance and pay for them. On the other hand, such Personnel can accept business assigned by multiple platform companies at the same time. This leads to a more complicated relationship between employees in the new employment form and platform companies, and it is inconvenient to participate in social insurance for urban employees."

　　In this regard, he believes that it is necessary to improve the social insurance management methods, and properly separate the social insurance relationship from the labor relationship. Even if it is inconvenient to clarify the labor relationship between platform companies and employees in new employment forms, both parties should bear the insurance premiums separately. Responsibilities, reasonable determination of payment rates and bases, so that new employment forms of practitioners can be included in the social security system for employees, and they can enjoy social security fairly and legally.

　　On March 4, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the Federation of Trade Unions submitted a sectoral proposal to the first meeting of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference - "Proposal on Strengthening the Protection of Labor Rights and Interests in New Employment Forms and Promoting the High-quality Development of the Digital Economy".

　　The proposal proposes that a complete and accurate social support system and supporting measures for new employment forms should be established as soon as possible, and relevant laws such as the Labor Law, Labor Contract Law, and Social Insurance Law should be amended and improved in due course, the reform of the current social security system should be strengthened, and a set of Internet-related policies should be established. A highly adaptable, flexible and feasible social security system for platform employment models.

　　China's Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, Wang Xiaoping, also said a few days ago that she will support the construction of the odd job market and implement policies to protect the rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment.

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