On the high platform of 1.3 trillion catties, the more difficult it is to go up——
How to increase grain production capacity by another 100 billion catties? (What signals are revealed by the new "No. 1 Document" ①)
Our reporter Qiu Haifeng
The waking of insects is approaching, and the farming season urges people.
Right now, preparations for spring plowing are rolling out one after another, and hundreds of millions of farmers are working hard in the fields to promote a bumper harvest.
Food is stable and the world is safe.
In the new year, how to ensure food security?
How to promote rural revitalization?
The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Key Work of Rural Revitalization in an All-round Way in 2023" made a comprehensive deployment and proposed to speed up the construction of a strong agricultural country.
Focusing on the 20th Central No. 1 document that has guided the work of "Sannong" since the new century, this newspaper has launched a series of reports "What signals are revealed by the new formulation of the "No. No. Document ", discuss with readers new tasks such as the implementation of a new round of 100 billion jin grain production capacity improvement actions, the development of courtyard economy, and the promotion of old vegetable facilities.
--editor
Implement a new round of 100 billion catties of grain production capacity improvement action - focus on grain production, this year's No. 1 central document put forward this task for the first time.
To ensure food security, the key is to maintain food production capacity.
Facing the complex situation at home and abroad, China has insisted on focusing on agriculture and grain production, and its grain output has remained stable at more than 1.3 trillion catties for eight consecutive years. It accounts for 9% of the world's arable land and 6% of its fresh water resources to feed nearly one-fifth of the world's population.
Another increase of 100 billion catties means that China's grain production capacity will reach a new level, reaching more than 1.4 trillion catties.
Why is it necessary to add another 100 billion catties above the high point?
What problems do you face?
How to achieve it?
Ensure availability and supply when needed
Grain production capacity, which is determined by resource conditions and economic and technical conditions, is formed by the comprehensive input of various production factors, and can achieve a certain amount of grain output relatively stably.
This "No. 1 Document" clearly implements a new round of 100 billion jin grain production capacity increase action, so when was the last round?
How effective is it?
Cao Hui, a researcher at the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, told our reporter that in 2009, my country issued a special plan, proposing to add 100 billion catties of grain production capacity nationwide.
At that time, it was predicted that the national grain consumption would reach 1.145 trillion catties in 2020. According to the calculation of maintaining the domestic grain self-sufficiency rate of 95%, the domestic grain output should reach about 1.09 trillion catties, which is nearly 1 trillion catties more than the grain production capacity in 2009. Considering that there are many uncertain factors affecting grain production and effective supply, the special plan proposes that by 2020, the national grain production capacity will reach more than 1.1 trillion catties.
"From the perspective of actual progress, the increase in grain production capacity has far exceeded expectations." Cao Hui said that in 2010, my country's grain output has reached more than 1.1 trillion catties. After many years of increasing production and a high starting point, it has successively reached new levels of 1.2 trillion catties and 1.3 trillion catties.
In 2022, the grain output will reach 1,373.1 billion catties, a record high; the per capita grain consumption is much higher than the international food security standard line of 400 kilograms per capita, achieving "basic self-sufficiency in grain and absolute security in rations".
The increase in grain production capacity is directly reflected in the fields.
Chen Yunsheng, a grain farmer in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, has been planting land for nearly 20 years. He calculated the accounts for the reporter: Over the years, the grain harvested in the field has been steadily increasing. About 40% higher, "the production is more, the sales are good, and our land is also vigorously planted."
It is already at a historical high, why should we further increase food production capacity?
Cao Hui believes that production capacity is the basis of production, and only with a certain grain production capacity can we ensure that we can produce and supply when needed.
"Overall, my country's current food security is guaranteed, but the foundation is still not solid, and the food security situation is still severe. Both international and domestic factors need to be paid attention to."
Internationally, since the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the global food security situation has become more severe than ever, and this impact is continuing into this year.
According to the January report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, due to multiple reasons such as severe financial constraints and difficulties for farmers in some areas to work in the fields, the planting area of winter wheat in Ukraine has decreased by about 40% year-on-year; international natural gas prices are still fluctuating, and fertilizer prices are still at high levels, which may lead to Global fertilizer use is declining, threatening food production.
Domestically, the supply and demand of grain will remain in a tight balance for a long time, and the consumption will show a rigid growth trend. The consumption structure will change from a single model dominated by plant-based consumption such as grains and vegetables to a diversified model that emphasizes both animal and plant-based consumption. Soybeans Problems such as the low self-sufficiency rate of oil crops and the insufficient production of feed grains still exist.
It is the first time to propose the construction of grain fields per ton
It is not easy to increase grain production capacity by another 100 billion catties.
According to Cao Hui's analysis, it took 2 years to go from 1.1 trillion catties to 1.2 trillion catties, and 3 years from 1.2 trillion catties to 1.3 trillion catties, but it has been maintained at the level of 1.3 trillion catties for 8 years.
"Affected by multiple factors such as natural resources, on the high platform of 1.3 trillion catties, the higher the grain production capacity, the more difficult it will be."
Under the difficult situation, how to achieve a new leap in grain production capacity?
This year's No. 1 central document made a series of deployments around grain production, among which "creating tons of grain fields" appeared in the document for the first time.
A ton of grain field refers to farmland with an annual grain yield of 2,000 jin per mu.
The creation of grain fields per ton is one of the important measures to increase grain yield per unit area. In recent years, some places have promoted the creation of "grain fields per ton" and "half a ton of grain", and achieved good results.
"One season of wheat and one season of corn last year reached 1,400 jin and 1,700 jin respectively, and the combined annual yield exceeded 3,000 jin. This is already a 'ton and a half of grain'." Wei Dedong, a major grain grower in Linyi County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province According to the introduction, in the past few years, while expanding the grain planting area of his farm, he has also promoted the increase of per unit yield through fertilization and optimization of varieties. The annual yield per mu has reached 2,000 catties many years ago.
As a major grain-producing county in the country, the perennial grain sown area in Linyi County is stable at more than 1.65 million mu.
Yu Ping, deputy secretary of the Linyi County Party Committee, told reporters that since last year, Linyi County has strongly supported the establishment of "ton and a half grain".
In 2022, the average grain yield per mu in the core area of 100,000 mu in the county will reach 1,475.2 kilograms, and more than 70% of the plots will reach "half a ton of grain".
Tons of grain fields exist, but are not common.
Zhang Qing, a professor at the Economics Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National School of Administration), believes that at present, my country's low- and medium-yield fields account for a relatively high proportion of arable land, and the effective irrigation area accounts for a little more than half of the country's arable land. fundamentally changed.
According to the "2019 National Cultivated Land Quality Grade Bulletin" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the first to third grades of cultivated land with high basic soil fertility and no obvious obstacles accounted for 31.24% of the total cultivated land, and the fourth to tenth grades accounted for nearly 70%. The cultivated land with relatively poor basic soil fertility and prominent production obstacles accounted for 21.95% of the seventh to tenth grades of cultivated land. It is difficult for this part of cultivated land to be fundamentally improved in a short period of time. The construction of farmland infrastructure and the internal quality of cultivated land should continue to be carried out.
"While emphasizing the stability of the area, this year's Central Document No. 1 has released a clear signal to focus on yield per unit area and strive to increase production." Cao Hui believes that the production of bills of lading and the construction of grain fields per ton are a systematic project. , Opportunities and other aspects should be coordinated.
This year, my country will continue to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, build 45 million mu of land, and upgrade 35 million mu of land.
Focus on corn to start the project of increasing the yield per unit area of major grain and oil crops, demonstrate and promote a batch of high-yield, high-quality and high-density resistant varieties, integrate the use of precision planting, side-depth fertilization, and simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer, and carry out high-yield creation of grain and oil crops in the whole county. The research and development of large-scale intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, small machinery and gardening machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas will provide strong support for the creation of tons of grain fields.
Let farmers grow grain to be profitable and more profitable
To increase production capacity, it is necessary to strengthen the material basis for storing grain on the ground and technology, and to improve the mechanism guarantee.
This year's No. 1 Central Document proposed policies such as continuing to increase the minimum purchase price of wheat and increasing the scale of incentive funds for major grain-producing counties.
In 2022, in response to the special difficulties and problems of wheat production, the central government will increase support and implement the new subsidy policy of "one spray and three defenses" for wheat, spraying insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, Subsidies are given for the "one spray and three defense" measures such as foliar fertilizer mixture to prevent pests, dry and hot wind, and premature aging.
"'One spray and three defenses' works very well. Last year, we kept a relatively high yield of more than 1,200 kilograms per mu." Chen Yunsheng said, "From the end of April to the beginning of May last year, a total of three 'one spray and three defenses' operations were carried out in the wheat field. The subsidy has saved me nearly 20,000 yuan in the cost of agricultural materials, and I hope the good policy will continue this year."
Qiao Ganqun, director of Sheyang County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, told reporters that last year, Sheyang carried out "one spray and three prevention" operations throughout the county, which effectively promoted the stable and increased production of wheat.
"This year, according to the deployment of the No. 1 document of the Central Committee, we will further support the development of wheat 'one spray and three defenses', and implement 10 million yuan of financial funds for the procurement of materials for the prevention and control of wheat scab in the county. The damage loss is minimized to ensure a bumper harvest of summer grain." Qiao Ganqun said.
Focusing on "one spray and three defenses", a series of policy deployments have been accelerated. The executive meeting of the State Council made it clear to continue to implement the full coverage of wheat "one spray and three defenses" subsidies; The implementation plan of spraying and three defenses should be implemented, and joint prevention and control, unified prevention and control, and emergency prevention and control should be done well, and efforts should be made to reduce disaster losses.
Liu Luxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, believes that "one spray and three defenses" is an effective wheat plant protection measure that has been gradually formed in practice. Policy support will help promote its large-scale popularization and escort wheat production , This also fully shows that my country attaches great importance to food production.
"Strengthening policies" is crucial to promote the increase of grain production capacity by 100 billion catties." Cao Hui said that the enhancement of policy support should be used to mobilize and enhance the "two enthusiasms" of farmers to grow grain and grasp grain in main producing areas, including Through the "three-in-one" support policy system of price, subsidy and insurance, farmers can grow grain with a head, and through the gradually improved benefit compensation mechanism, the main production areas can benefit economically from grain production.
In addition, efforts should be made to promote business operations, continuously improve the level of socialized services, and enhance the operating capabilities of farmers; do a good job in the connection between production and sales, extend the grain industry chain, encourage the development of grain order production, achieve high quality and good prices, and accelerate the value-added and efficiency-enhancing grain industry .
Take effective measures to give full play to the guiding role of the market, so that farmers can make more profits from growing grain.
further reading
Focus on the No.1 Central Document
What is the No. 1 Central Document?
It is the first document issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China every year, usually at the beginning of the year.
In recent years, "No. 1 Document" has gradually become a proper term for emphasizing the "three rural" issues.
What are the No. 1 documents on the theme of "Sannong"?
The first Central No. 1 document on "Sannong"——In January 1982, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved and forwarded the "National Rural Work Conference Minutes", affirming that various production responsibility systems such as contracting production to households are the production responsibilities of the socialist collective economy system.
From 1982 to 1986, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued five No. 1 documents on agriculture and rural issues, making specific arrangements for rural reform and agricultural development.
After 18 years, the "three rural areas" have been re-locked——
At the turn of the century, China's agricultural and rural development entered a new stage from long-term shortage of grain and other major agricultural products to a general balance in the total amount and surplus in good years.
In 2004, the theme of the No. 1 Document returned to "Sannong".
Focusing on "Sannong" for 20 consecutive years——
Since the beginning of the new century, the central government has issued the No. 1 document to guide the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" for 20 consecutive years.
Since the beginning of the new century, 20 keywords of the No. 1 Central Document——
In 2004, to promote farmers' income
In 2005, the comprehensive agricultural production capacity
2006, New Socialist Countryside
2007, Modern Agriculture, New Countryside
In 2008, the construction of agricultural infrastructure and the increase of farmers' income
In 2009, the stable development of agriculture and the increase of farmers' income
In 2010, coordinate urban and rural development
In 2011, speed up the reform and development of water conservancy
2012, agricultural technology innovation, agricultural product supply guarantee
2013, Modern Agriculture
In 2014, deepen rural reform and agricultural modernization
In 2015, agricultural modernization, intensifying reform and innovation
2016, agricultural modernization, comprehensive well-off
2017, Agricultural supply-side structural reform
2018, Rural Revitalization
In 2019, the priority development of agriculture and rural areas
In 2020, achieve a comprehensive well-off society as scheduled
In 2021, comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate agricultural and rural modernization
In 2022, continue to promote rural revitalization in an all-round way to ensure stable and increased agricultural production, farmers' income steadily increased, and rural stability and tranquility
In 2023, accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country
What did the No. 1 Central Document discuss this year?
The full text consists of 9 parts, including: Grasp the stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, strengthen the support of agricultural technology and equipment, consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, promote the high-quality development of rural industries, and broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and become rich , Solidly promote the construction of a livable, business-friendly and beautiful countryside, improve the rural governance system led by the party organization, strengthen policy guarantees, and innovate systems and mechanisms.
(People's Daily Overseas Edition integrated information from Xinhua News Agency and the official website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)