The hot screening of the movie "Manjianghong" once again aroused people's eager discussion on Yue Fei, a famous general in the Southern Song Dynasty, and inspired infinite reverence for the heroic spirit of "serving the country with loyalty and loyalty".
However, what is little known is that in Wuhan, known as the "City of Heroes", Yue Fei once wrote another song "Man Jianghong: Feelings of Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower". Man Jianghong · Writing Huai" (that is, the word "angry and blustering") is inherited in one continuous line and runs through it.
"Cross Qinghe Luo with one whip"
Seven years of stationing troops and four Northern Expeditions, the garrison in Wuchang is the highlight moment of Yue Fei's life
In early spring, in the river city of Wuhan, after a spring rain, the Snake Mountain stretching across the urban area of Wuchang became more and more green.
On the winding ridge, in the east corner of the Yellow Crane Tower Park, a bronze statue with a height of 8 meters stands majestically.
The majestic general stands on his horse, holding a scroll in his left hand and reining in his right hand, with a sad and angry expression.
This is the statue of Yue Fei, a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Living in a corner of the scenic spot, corresponding to the sparse tourists, few people know that the well-known Yue Fei has a deep historical relationship with Wuhan.
In fact, Yue Fei, who was born in Tangyin and buried in Lin'an, was posthumously titled "King of Song, Yue and Hubei", had been stationed in Wuhan for a long time, and spent his life in Wuhan and its surrounding areas along the Jianghan River Basin in Hubei Province. The 7 years with the most brilliant achievements and the most shocking fame.
According to "Song History", in the autumn of the third year of Song Gaozong Shaoxing (1133), under the instigation of Jin, the puppet Qi Liu Yu regime sent a rebel general Li Cheng to invade Xiangyang, Tang, Deng, Sui, Ying Zhuzhou and Xinyang Army.
In the following year, Yue Fei proposed to attack Li Cheng and recover the six counties, and pointed out that the six counties of Xiangyang were the basis for recovering the Central Plains, which was recognized by the court.
In April of that year, Yue Fei was ordered to lead his army from Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang) to Ezhou (now Wuchang), and then all the way north, starting the first Northern Expedition.
After about three months of bloody fighting, by July, six counties including Xiangyang were successfully recovered.
With the great victory of Xiangdeng, Yue Fei, who was only 32 years old, was appointed as the Jiedu envoy of the Qingyuan Army, and appointed envoys in Hubei Road, Jing, Xiang, and Tanzhou, and stationed troops in Wuchang.
Wuchang controls the Yangtze River and strangles the Han River. Located at the confluence of the two rivers, it has always been a battleground for military strategists.
The history of its construction can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period, when Sun Quan built Xiakou City here, and the Yellow Crane Tower, which became famous all over the world, was the military watchtower of Xiakou.
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the military outpost has become one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. Countless immigrant poets climbed the tower to look at the river, looking into the distance, facing the rolling river, the vast mist, the green trees, and the luxuriant oasis, or lamenting the boundless time and space. , The world is long, or the white clouds and yellow cranes are melancholy, and the mind is galloping, leaving behind countless poems such as "the lonely sail is far away, the shadow is clear and the blue sky is exhausted", "the misty river makes people worry", etc.
Yue Fei is a general who can fight well and is also a poet full of pride.
The success of the first Northern Expedition further aroused his ambition to regain the homeland of the Central Plains, and also aroused his depression and indignation at the ravages of the mountains and rivers of his homeland.
One day, when he climbed to the Yellow Crane Tower and leaned on the railing to look north, the low clouds frowning and the river whimpering, Yue Fei deeply felt the pain of his skin and heart, and wrote this song "Man Jianghong · Feelings of Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower" ":
"Looking at the Central Plains in the distance, there are many cities outside the barren smoke. I think back then, there were flowers covering willows, Fenglou and Longge, in front of Longevity Mountain surrounded by pearls and emerald greens, and singing and dancing in Penghu Palace. Up to now, iron horses are all over the suburbs, and the wind and dust are evil.
Where are the soldiers?
Cream front.
Where is Min An?
Fill the gully.
Sighing that the country remains the same, thousands of villages are few and far between.
When will I invite you to join the sharp brigade and cross Qingheluo with a whip.
But when he came back, he continued his tour of Hanyang and rode a yellow crane.
"
After the first Northern Expedition was successful, Yue Fei believed that the time had come to regain the Central Plains, so he wrote to the imperial court, requesting "use 200,000 elite troops to attack the Central Plains and restore the old frontiers".
Yu Chaogang in the "Dictionary of Poetry Appreciation in Tang and Song Dynasties" believes that this article may be the author's expressive work when he climbed the Yellow Crane Tower at this time.
According to research by historians, from 1134 to 1141, Yue Fei, who ranked first among the "Four Generals of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty, was stationed in Wuchang for 7 years before and after the three armies, and set up the commander-in-chief in the Wuchang Division under the Yellow Crane Tower. the door.
It was based on this that Yue Fei, who was trying to regain the lost land of Heshan, launched several outstanding Northern Expeditions.
In July and August of the sixth year of Shaoxing (1136), Yue's army made the second northern expedition and successfully recovered Shang, Guo and other states.
In November of the same year, Yue Fei made another Northern Expedition, stabilizing his control over Shangzhou and other places.
During the fourth Northern Expedition in June, June, and July of the tenth year of Shaoxing, Yue's army successfully reached the vicinity of the old capital Kaifeng and marched into Zhuxian Town.
Just when the situation of regaining the old capital was very good, Song Gaozong issued 12 gold medal orders in a row, summoning Yue Fei's class to return to the court.
The fourth Northern Expedition fell short, and Yue Fei sighed in grief and indignation: "The strength of ten years will be wasted in one day!"
"After being recalled, the regained lost land in Henan fell again, but Yue Fei basically realized the strategic concept of 'crossing Qingheluo with one whip'." said Wang Guangyan, an associate researcher at Wuhan Academy of Social Sciences.
"Four Northern Expeditions have made great achievements repeatedly." Zhang Quanming, a professor at the School of History and Culture of Central China Normal University, said that during this period, Wuhan became the base camp for the Yue family's army to pledge to the Northern Expedition and the rear of the country.
Yue Fei set up the commander's mansion, built military camps, trained troops, organized the Northern Expedition here, and finally achieved brilliant achievements.
"These seven years of being stationed in Wuhan were the seven years in which Yue Fei made the most achievements in his short 39-year life, and they were also the seven years in which Yue Fei made the most outstanding achievements in the fight against gold, the most brilliant achievements, and the most shocking fame in his life."
"Lift our sight, the sky and shouts, grand, vehement"
Wuhan witnessed Yue Fei's unfulfilled resentment, and also witnessed the refinement of heroic spirit
As a national hero, the story of Yue Fei’s resistance to gold is well-known; as a folklore, the allusion of his mother-in-law tattooing "serving the country with loyalty" is known to all women and children;
"Looking up to the sky and screaming, with a strong heart" and "Aspiration to eat the meat of the barbarians hungry, laughing and talking about thirsting for the blood of the Huns", such magnificent and heroic poems are like an impassioned battle oath and a mobilization order before departure.
It is generally believed that "Manjianghong · Writing Huai" was written around the early years of Shaoxing.
At that time, the army and the people rose up to fight back in self-defense, and the Jin soldiers suffered repeated setbacks. It was hopeful to drive out the enemy. People of insight such as Yue Fei were full of confidence and pride in returning our country.
Yue Fei stationed troops in Wuchang and built an iron army of the Yue family.
Wang Guangyan said that in Wuchang, Yue Fei set up special training grounds for infantry, cavalry, navy and other arms to conduct military training. Up to now, Wuhan has preserved dozens of relics where Yue Fei trained the army, lived in daily life, and later generations commemorated Yue Fei, showing the history of the past. Here is a magnificent picture of Yue Fei fighting hard and reviving the rivers and mountains.
It is said that today's Yuejiazui in Wuchang is the place where Yue Fei practiced his navy in Shahu.
Here, Yue Fei trained a powerful water force.
According to historical records, "the prosperity of the Ezhu water army makes it the crown of the river."
Today, in Tieshan, Huangshi, which is less than 100 kilometers away from downtown Wuhan, there is a century-old Daye Iron Mine, which was built when Zhang Zhidong launched the Westernization Movement and founded Hanyeping Company.
Local scholars believe that the mining of Daye Iron Mine can actually be traced back to the time when Yue Fei was stationed in the army.
Yue Fei ordered his soldiers to split mountains and dig mines in the Daye area, set up furnaces to smelt and cast them, and after repeated forging, they made the "Daye Sword", which was unstoppable for armed soldiers.
"Song History" records that Yue Fei said: "Wenchen officials don't love money, military officials don't hesitate to die, and the world is peaceful."
Under the strict strategy of governing the army, the Yue family's army was invincible, and there was a saying among Jin Bing: "It is easy to shake the mountains, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family's army."
However, the elite "Sword of Daye" and the Yue family army failed to realize Yue Fei's ambition to return our country.
"Fighting with powerful enemies outside, wrestling with treacherous ministers inside, exhausted both physically and mentally, ten years of strength were finally wasted." Wang Guangyan said that the seven years in Wuhan have witnessed Yue Fei's resentment that his ambition was not fulfilled.
In addition to the two poems "Manjianghong·Writing Hearts" and "Manjianghong·Feelings from Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower", Yue Fei also composed many poems such as "Little Heavy Mountain·The Crows Can’t Cry in the Cold Last Night" to express his inner depression, anxiety and indignation.
"The white head is fame, and the old mountain pines and bamboos are old, which hinders the return journey. I want to put my heart on Yaoqin. There are few friends, who will listen to the broken strings?" At this point, Yue Fei felt powerless and could only sigh.
In the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141), Song and Jin were ready to negotiate peace.
Song Ting took the opportunity to suppress the generals who held heavy troops, and Yue Fei, who insisted on resisting Jin, was the first to bear the brunt.
After being released from military power and falsely imprisoned, in January 1142, he was charged with "unnecessary" charges, and was killed together with his eldest son Yue Yun and his general Zhang Xian.
Yue Da, secretary-general of Wuhan Yuefei Culture Research Association, said that Yue Fei’s life was full of tragedy. He suppressed the rebel army; he wanted to regain the lost land and return me to the rivers and mountains, but the court asked for peace for Gou'an, so he was framed and died.
His whole life was full of great ambitions, including the helplessness and grief at the weak and weak imperial court, as well as the anguish and depression about his unrewarding ambition.
Although Yue Fei was charged with crimes and died, the people's love and worship for him have not diminished.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162), Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty came to the throne, and decreed that Yue Fei should be rehabilitated, "recover the former official, and change his burial with rites", and the grievance was finally cleared.
Later, at the request of Zhao Yanbo, the transshipment envoy of Jinghu, a temple was built for Yue Fei in Ezhou (that is, Wuchang), and Song Xiaozong personally bestowed the title "Zhonglie".
In the fourth year of Jiatai reign of Emperor Ningzong of Song Dynasty (1204), Yue Fei was posthumously named the King of E, so the Zhonglie Temple is also called the Temple of the King of Yue.
It's a pity that it was later destroyed by military chaos.
Today, there is a long couplet in Yue Fei Pavilion (Pavilion of Yue Wumu's portrait) in the Yellow Crane Tower Park in Wuhan: "How easy it is to shake the mountains, and how difficult it is to shake the army. May the loyal soul always stay in Jinghu Lake, protect the glory of Jianghan, and lead the great cause." Starting from three households; civil servants do not love money, military officials are not afraid of death, they follow the theory of rejuvenating the country, and keep the universe upright, and the new initiative is self-sufficient." It is the portrayal of this national hero's loyalty and courage throughout his life, and he is also a hero. A portrait of the spirit resident in the hearts of the people of Wuhan.
According to data records, Yue Fei Pavilion was built in 1937 to inspire the people to fight against Japan.
At that time, when the anti-Japanese mass organizations were cleaning up the ruins of the Yuewang Temple, they found a bluestone stele engraved with the portrait of Yue Wumu and the four-character poem written by Zhang Yixian, a native of Taihe, Yunnan, in the 10th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1582), so they raised funds to build the pavilion. , Put a stele in the pavilion.
In 1981, Yue Fei Pavilion was rebuilt in Wuhan, and a bronze statue of Yue Fei was erected.
Although Yue Fei failed to "reach directly to Huanglong Mansion", he also failed to "continue the Hanyang tour", so he turned his aspirations of serving the country into "Xiaoxiao Yuxi".
However, his legacy of "serving the country with loyalty" has been praised by the Chinese people for thousands of years, and has become a force passed down from generation to generation in the national spirit.
"But come back, continue Hanyang tour, ride a yellow crane"
Yue Fei's spirit blends into the blood of Wuhan city
Wuhan witnessed Yue Fei.
Yue Fei also deeply influenced Wuhan.
Today's Wuhan is full of Yue Fei's footprints.
Yue Da said that Yue Fei traveled all over the mountains and rivers of today's Wuhan when he was struggling on the battlefield.
Moreover, in the hundreds of years since Yue Fei passed away, the people of Wuhan have always missed Yue Fei, and have continuously built and named a large number of cultural buildings and sites related to him.
In today's Wuchang, Hanyang and other places, there have always been a large number of precious historical and cultural relics left by Yue Fei and the Yue Family Army led by Yue Fei.
In addition to the portrait of Yue Fei on the Snake Mountain in Wuchang, there are also the Marshal Yue Fei’s Mansion, Zhongxiao Gate, Yuewang Temple in Wuchang, Yuefei Street in Hankou, Yue Song Yuemei in Hongshan, Baoguo Temple, Baoguo Temple, and Bingtang in Hanyang. Jiao, Macang Lake, Tunjia Village, etc.
According to Zhang Quanming’s statistics, in places such as Wuchang City and Hanyang City in Wuhan City today, there are important Yuefei Cultural Sites or There are about 50 ruins.
Some of these relics still have physical remains, and some have vacant place names.
Yue Fei was a filial piety. In 1136, his mother-in-law Yao died of illness in the commander-in-chief Yue Fei’s mansion in Ezhou. Yue Fei led his son Yue Yun out of the Xiaodong Gate of Wuchang City, and was buried in Lushan Mountain in order to keep the filial piety. Later generations renamed Xiaodongmen Zhongxiao Door.
When the old city was demolished at the beginning of last century, the street connecting Zhongxiaomen was named Zhongxiaomen, which is still in use today.
Yuejiazui on the east side of Shahu used to be the naval base of the Yuejia Army, but now there are many tall buildings and viaducts.
Fan Zhihong, president of the Wuhan Academy of Social Sciences, said that with the passage of time, some relics and heritage have been submerged in the long river of history and are no longer known to the people of Wuhan today.
But the precipitation of time has also allowed Yue Fei to integrate with Wuhan, deeply embedded in the city's historical and cultural blood, and integrated with the urban spirit of Wuhan, adding rich urban connotation to Wuhan, a heroic city.
When the epidemic is raging in 2020, the whole city of Wuhan launched a "War for Defense of Wuhan" against the virus in a race against time.
The voice of "Wuhan was originally a city of heroes" resounded, which not only doubled the confidence of the people of Wuhan and Hubei, but also inspired the spirit of the people of the whole country.
A heroic city must have heroic actions, heroic people, and heroic history.
Behind a hero, there must also be a city, a nation, and a country's persevering and indomitable cultural genes.
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising fired the first shot of the 1911 Revolution, sounded the death knell of the Qing Dynasty, and blew the horn of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.
This is a struggle of blood and fire. "Officials take the lead, soldiers fight bloody battles, workers, peasants, businessmen hold sharp weapons, and fight to the death on the battlefield."
In the ensuing defense of Yangxia, more than ten thousand officers and soldiers of the revolutionary army gave their lives.
There is an inscription on the monument to the First Uprising of 1911, which reads: "The mountains and rivers are majestic, the stars are eclipsed, heroic and tragic, the sun and the moon are shining brightly, and the monument of Lingshujing is forever loyal."
In 1938, the Japanese army gathered heavy troops and invaded Wuhan from the east and north.
At that time, Wuhan had assumed an important role as the temporary capital of China's Anti-Japanese War. For a time, the oath of "defending Wuhan" resounded throughout the country.
1.1 million soldiers fought bloody battles in Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangxi to defend this great city.
From June to October, hundreds of large and small battles were fought, and at the cost of more than 400,000 casualties, 257,000 enemies were wiped out, which greatly consumed the effective strength of the Japanese army.
Today, in the three towns of Wuhan, there are innumerable relics of heroes, each of which tells the story of the past.
Two rivers and three towns, the thoroughfare of nine provinces.
It is precisely because of the special location where the two rivers meet that the history of Wuhan is also a history of heroes fighting against disasters.
In the summer of 1954, the water level at Wuhan Pass reached the highest level since hydrological records existed. All the people in Wuhan fought against the flood, and all the young and middle-aged laborers went up to the embankment. The 280,000 flood-fighting army stood firm day and night. It took 100 days.
In 1998, eight flood peaks approached one after another, and the water level at Wuhan Pass continued to rise. In critical moments, millions of soldiers and civilians took strict precautions, erected more than 2,000 "life and death cards" in the most dangerous areas, and issued more than 5,000 "military orders" in emergency rescues ".
Whenever I look back at the "Life and Death Card" and "Military Order", people always see the magnificent scene of unity and unity, and the passionate oath of strictly guarding against death and staying on the dike; With the heroic spirit of being fearless in life and death, daring to fight and fight hard, are there any difficulties that cannot be overcome?
Fan Zhihong said that Yue Fei strategized and made great efforts to launch the Northern Expedition. The sincere epic of the Northern Expedition, the 800-year-old struggle of the Chu State, the struggle of the Wuchang First Uprising and the Wuhan Defense War, and the unity of the fight against floods and epidemics. Together, they have built the rich humanistic spirit of Jingchu, nourishing and motivating Wuhan to become a city of heroes who are responsible, hard-working, and innovative.
With the popularity of the movie "Man Jianghong", the memory of Yue Fei in Wuhan is also being awakened.
Wang Guangyan said: "Adhering to the dominant gene of Yue Fei's spirit is an inevitable part that cannot be ignored in this heroic city of Wuhan. We are further increasing research, inheriting and carrying forward Yue Fei's spirit, and creatively transforming and innovatively developing Yue Fei's spirit to realize its value. contemporary presentation." (Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporters Pi Shuchu and Li Siyuan)