A handful of former German pilots are apparently now in China to provide military training. Their activities have raised sensitive questions for German security officials.

Former Bundeswehr officer Alexander H. apparently lived and worked in Qiqihar. It is thought that he was there to train Chinese pilots. German Defense Ministry: China is attempting to recruit former NATO pilots as trainers, including ex-Bundeswehr pilots. The case fits in with Beijing’s standard approach, which security experts refer to as the "gray beard strategy"