Setsuko Thurlow was exposed to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima when she was 91 years old. She has been advocating for the abolition of nuclear weapons around the world for more than half a century.

She gave a speech at the award ceremony in 2017 when ICAN = International Campaign for the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. She called for "learning about nuclear policy full of contradictions and making your voices heard in the government," given that Japan is not a participant in the treaty.